Progress in research and application of antibacterial and deodorant functional fibers

Progress in research and application of antibacterial and deodorant functional fibers

Progress in research and application of antibacterial and deodorant functional fibers

Abstract: The general situation of antibacterial and deodorant fiber and the antibacterial and deodorant researched at home and abroad are discussed. What are the advantages and disadvantages, the development of the situation, and the test methods of the antibacterial and deodorant fiber effect. What are the characteristics of their application? .

Keywords: antibacterial and deodorant   Antibacterial deodorant   Domestic profile   experimental method   Application characteristics

I. Overview of antibacterial and deodorant fiber

Antibacterial and deodorant fiber is developed on the antibacterial and deodorizing treatment technology. Internationally, since the 1980s , a method of preparing a durable antibacterial and deodorant fiber by means of polymer structure modification and blending modification of chemical fibers has appeared , and the blending method is mainly used. Compared with the antibacterial and deodorizing treatment technology , the antibacterial and deodorizing fiber has good antibacterial and deodorizing effect , is durable , and the fiber does not adhere to the resin , and the obtained fabric has good hand feeling , simple process , no need for finishing , and low cost. Although the antibacterial and deodorant finishing is convenient to process , the antibacterial and deodorizing effect is not ideal . After dozens of washings , the antibacterial and deodorizing effect of the fabric is lowered , and it is difficult to meet the requirements of consumers. The rapid development of chemical fiber, but also provides a very broad scope for fiber modification, so that people began to shift perspective antibacterial deodorant processing textile fibers modified in order to obtain anti-bacterial deodorant textiles. This method is high-tech, difficult, involving broad field of engineering, in particular, require a higher antibacterial deodorant, but because of its obvious advantages, favored by customers.

There are a variety of bacteria and fungi, including common Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus and other human living environment; otherwise some human sweat and other metabolites play a role The " odorous bacteria " that breed and breed , Staphylococcus epidermidis and coryneform bacteria are common in underwear and underwear , and the fungi that cause the odor of the outerwear are generally Bacillus spores and a small amount of Staphylococcus epidermidis. In hot and humid environments, these large population of microorganisms on the laundry, which fibers are easily subjected to acidic or basic metabolites and degradation, discoloration, and generates a volatile odorous substances such as acetic acid, ammonia, etc., but also easy to It causes certain skin diseases in the human body . Therefore , antibacterial and anti-odor have always been closely related. In order to meet people's high requirements for textile hygiene functions , antibacterial, deodorant and deodorizing processing of fiber products is also very necessary.

Second, commonly used antibacterial deodorant

     The original antibacterial deodorant for chemical fiber blend spinning is generally a metal ion-containing composite , and many of them are heavy metal ions. In recent years, the problem of heavy metal ions on the human body ecotoxic, have drawn increasing attention, but the toxicity of antibacterial deodorant effective antimicrobial deodorant containing large heavy metal ions have been eliminated, with a binding and silver ions having antibacterial deodorant of zeolite as Antibacterial and deodorant , it is non-toxic to the human body , antibacterial and deodorant , and has good durability , but the antibacterial and deodorizing rate is not ideal. Preparation of antibacterial deodorant fibers, the key is to select the appropriate antimicrobial deodorant. This is difficult. In addition to requiring broad-spectrum antibacterial, non-toxic, durable, good compatibility, and simple processing , for wet spinning , antibacterial deodorant is also required to adapt to the chemical environment in the process , while melt spinning requires the antibacterial deodorant to be used. high temperature. Due to the low toxicity and broad-spectrum antibacterial effect of organic antibacterial deodorant , many people are studying it for melt spinning , but organic antibacterial deodorant is not resistant to high temperature , so the development of high temperature resistant organic antibacterial deodorant is melt spinning. The key to antibacterial and deodorant fiber. Common antibacterial deodorants include :

(A) an inorganic deodorant antimicrobial agents series

The representative product is an antibacterial zeolite of Japan Bell Textile Co., Ltd. , in which metal ions such as Ag , Cu , and Zn having antibacterial and deodorizing properties are replaced . The agent can be widely used for antibacterial, washing, safe and non-polluting , and is widely used for clothing, bedding, decorative fabrics and the like. Such antimicrobial deodorant-containing glass powder as well as ceramic or antibacterial deodorant soluble metal ions, fine particles made of the mixed yarn spinning dope, the durability can be obtained antibacterial deodorant fibers. The antibacterial mechanism is due to the slow diffusion of active oxygen and silver ions into the bacterial cells , destroying the structure of intracellular proteins and causing metabolic disorders.

(two) quaternary ammonium salt series

Daiwa Chemical Industries to N - benzyl - N, N-dimethyl - N - antimicrobial deodorant alkyl chloride as a main component, can rapidly kill Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus pneumonia, efficient Safety. Others include polyoxyethylene trimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and the like. They use an antimicrobial deodorant adsorption surface tissue changes, so that the cytoplasmic membrane causing damage.

(3) Copper compounds

Japanese silkworm hair dyeing developed by Santa Lun - SSN fiber, acrylic fiber is treated with Cu9S5 obtained antibacterial deodorant anti-static fibers. Asahi Kasei Corporation employed for producing coagulated fiber cuprammonium process control step copper removal, the copper compound is dispersed in the regenerated fiber, copper sulfur-containing recycled fibers, may be bacterial deodorant antistatic easy decontamination. The mechanism is the use of copper ions disrupting the microorganism cell membrane, into the inner cell binding to the enzyme, reducing enzyme activity, metabolism so blocked, inhibited growth and death.

(4) 胍 series

Containing 1, 1-hexamethylene bis --5-- (4 - The antibacterial agent of chlorobenzene ) biguanide-digluconate is added to the spinning dope of nylon and the like to obtain antibacterial and deodorant fiber , which has strong bactericidal activity against bacteria , but has low effect on fungi. The antibacterial and deodorizing mechanism is destroyed by the action of the cell lysozyme to denature the cell surface structure.

(5) Natural products series

    Since some chemical antibacterial deodorants have been found to have toxic side effects , the use of natural substances as antibacterial deodorants has been well received by the market. For example, the antibacterial deodorant made of chitosan extracted from the hydrolysis of natural chitin has strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, various fungi, and Staphylococcus aureus ; extracting fennel oil and other substances from the plant of the Labiatae Deodorant can kill bacteria and fungi ; extract terpene from cypress as antibacterial and deodorant to treat polyester core short fiber ( Teijin ) . In addition , natural substances such as chitin hydrochloride and cypress extract sterol are used as antibacterial deodorants.

(6) Application of TiO2 photocatalyst in fiber

TiO2 photocatalyst has the functions of deodorization, antibacterial and antifouling under light irradiation. In view of this , Japan's Qixian County Fiber Testing Field , with the support of the Japanese government, conducted research on the application of TiO2 photocatalysts for the manufacture of antibacterial and deodorant fibers with local fiber companies, Nagoya Institute of Industrial Technology and Gifu University from 1995 to 1997 . and has achieved considerable progress [11].

The TiO2 photocatalyst antibacterial deodorant fiber manufacturing kneaded into fiber there are two problems: as a photocatalyst fiber can photodecomposition of organic matter itself; photocatalytic reaction the reaction is carried out at the surface, the photocatalyst how fibers can be mixed into the inside play a catalytic effect. The study, the first problem is solved: TiO2 coated with a silicon alkoxide soot porous film, so as not to contact with the fibers, through a fine odor with the photocatalyst coating film in contact; a second question It is solved by the textile processing technology , that is , the polyester spun mixed with TiO2 fine powder is subjected to reduction processing after the stretching (the reduction rate is 5% to 30%), so that the TiO2 embedded in the fiber is exposed as much as possible on the surface. . The use of these methods has yielded satisfactory results , and techniques for further improving photocatalytic efficiency are still being studied. In addition , some research institutions are also studying the TiO2 photocatalyst.

  ( 7 ) Bamboo fiber

Bamboo fiber is a kind of natural environment-friendly green fiber . It is a kind of regenerated cellulose fiber which is processed by bamboo , which is processed by special high-tech process , extracts cellulose from bamboo , and then processes by rubber and spinning. Bamboo fiber contains natural antibacterial substances . Researchers have confirmed that bamboo leaching has a wide range of antimicrobial functions . The 24 h antibacterial rate of textiles made from bamboo fiber can reach 71% . Chlorophyll and chlorophyll copper sodium in bamboo fiber have good deodorizing effect. The National Cotton Textile Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center and the Shanghai Institute of Microbiology used modern scientific testing methods to test the antibacterial properties of bamboo fiber . The results confirmed that bamboo fiber products have excellent antibacterial, deodorant, UV-resistant and negative ion-producing properties. , deodorizing and antibacterial properties washed repeatedly, after sun, can still maintain its inherent potential, because it is a component bamboo fiber production process, by using high-tech production techniques, so that these features are not formed destroyed. Therefore, its antibacterial performance is significantly better than other products. It is different from other fabrics that have been added with antibacterial agents in the post-treatment , so it does not cause any allergic adverse reactions to human skin , but has health care effects and bactericidal effects on the human body.

(8) Chitin fiber

Chitin fiber has a natural antibacterial and deodorizing function. Chitin fiber is extracted from the shell of crustaceans such as shrimp, crab, insect, etc. It is a renewable and degradable resource , which inhibits human Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, etc. With a bacteria rate of 99%, it can effectively keep human skin clean, dry, tasteless and elastic. Antibacterial mechanism which follows: One is possible under acidic conditions, the chitosan salt is converted to an amino group in the molecule, the adsorption of negatively charged bacteria, destruction of their cell walls, thus hindering their development. The second may be decomposed into low molecular weight chitosan was adsorption of bacteria, microbes through the cell wall into the cell to form a stable complex with DNA, a DNA polymerase or interfering RNA polymerase, DNA and RNA hampered Synthetic , thereby inhibiting the reproduction of bacteria. Because chitin fiber, non-toxic non-irritating to human skin, it is mainly used to treat a variety of wounds in the field of health care as a medical accessories, it can not only protect the wound covered, receiving a positive biological response, and promote wound healing, but also can play odor removal The role. Because it does not pollute the environment, can quickly stop bleeding anti-inflammatory, hemostatic cotton, gauze and bandages made from it in recent years has been in the US Department of Defense generally equipped army.

(9) "Catechin" treated fiber

"Catechins" (Catechin), also known as polyphenols, which are extracted from the natural green tea, persimmon plant extract (polyphenols), preventing bacteria, virus propagation, loss of activity, so as to have excellent Antibacterial effect. Catechin is a compound (i.e., polyphenolic compounds) large amounts of a phenolic hydroxyl group (OH) is contained, it can take effect reductive decomposition of the hydroxyl group of H, and the odorous components in NH3, SH other additional Combine and other effects to achieve good deodorization purposes. As a natural extract catechin, safe non-toxic to humans, has excellent antibacterial deodorizing performance, and can play a role in delaying skin aging, but treated as a deodorant fiber process is not yet mature, yet to be further research.

(10) Rare earth element treated fibers

Rare earth element is a general term for lanthanum, vanadium and lanthanides in the third subgroup of the periodic table , including 钪 Sc , 钇 Y and lanthanum La , 铈 Cc , 镨 Pr , 钕 Nd , 钜 Pm in the lanthanide series. , 钫 Sm , 铕 Eu, etc. a total of 17 elements. The multi-component complex of rare earth ions can make the fabric have durable bacteriostatic properties which are inseparable from the characteristics of rare earth ions. Having a higher number of rare earth ions (trivalent) charge and ionic radius larger (85 ~ 106 nm), and thus may be formed of rare earth ions and chelating ligand nonionic fabric of oxygen, nitrogen and the like in the course of antibacterial fabric thereof, bacteriostatic agents so strongly bonded to the fabric; Meanwhile, between different rare earth ions as antimicrobial agent junction, synergistic antibacterial effect, resulting in a fabric having a broad spectrum antibacterial deodorizing effect.

The development of today's antibacterial and deodorant fiber has the following characteristics:

(1) Wide variety and wide range

Antibacterial and deodorant fiber products are no longer limited to socks and insoles, but are widely used in clothing and interior decoration. In the Japanese market, antibacterial and deodorant towels, sportswear, dresses, quilt covers, various close-fitting clothes, straps, etc. are almost all available, and are widely used.

(2) Health and clean pursuit of heat is constantly heating up

Consumers' pursuit of health and clean products is heating up. Products that have been processed through health care are increasingly favored by consumers, and new products are coming into the market. In order to prove to consumers that their products are genuine and authentic products, the manufacturer has marked the “ SEF ” mark on the basis of the application according to the standards set by the Fiber Products Sanitary Processing Association , although the price of cleaning products is higher than that of ordinary products. About twice as many consumers are still rushing to buy, which has a strong impact on the market for ordinary fiber products.

(3) having a composite function

Antibacterial and deodorant fibers are expected to be combined with other functions to develop toward washing durability. In order to promote sales and market prices, fibers and their products not only need antibacterial and deodorant finishing, but also need to give a comprehensive effect of antifouling, flame retardant, antistatic, hydrophilicity and softness to develop high value-added fabrics. The sanitary finishing of China's fiber is still in the development stage, and there is a certain gap between the production level and the product application range compared with foreign countries. The production of antibacterial and deodorant fibers by using the original silk modified finishing method has not been reported. We should actively develop new antibacterial agents and expand the range of applications for antibacterial and deodorant fibers.

In recent years , with the advancement of science and technology, the improvement of people's living standards and the awareness of health care , it is of great significance to actively develop functional textiles that inhibit bacterial growth and prevent fouling of fabrics. Although the antibacterial and deodorant products are mainly processed after processing , the antibacterial and deodorant fibers are superior to the post-treatment in terms of antibacterial and deodorizing effects, washing resistance, environmental pollution, and production cost , so it is necessary to carry out research and development of antibacterial and deodorant fibers. , and is conducive to the production of new antibacterial deodorant fabric, it has a broad market prospect. While our research in this area has just started, as long as we catch up, hard research, learn from each other on the basis of drawing on foreign technology, believe it will enter a period of accelerated development, reached the international advanced level.

This article is taken to the [ China Textile Antibacterial Fabric Network ] Please indicate.

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