Detailed introduction of nano antibacterial materials
Nano-antibacterial materials are a kind of new materials developed to prevent the damage of bacteria and other pathogenic microorganisms to people's production and life. In many preparation methods of nano-antibacterial materials, electrospinning is a low-cost process controllable technology preparation. The nanofibers have the characteristics of large specific area, high porosity and uniform fiber. The author firstly describes the electrospinning technology and the characteristics of the nanometer antibacterial fiber material prepared by the technology. Then, according to the different kinds of microbial agents, the electrospinning technology is prepared. The antibacterial fiber materials were classified into three categories: inorganic antibacterial fiber materials, natural antibacterial fiber materials and composite antibacterial fiber materials, and their research progress was reviewed. Finally, the research status of electrospinning technology for preparing nano antibacterial fibers was carried out. Summary and prospects. Keywords: electrospinning; nanofibers; antibacterial materials; natural fibers are restricted by natural conditions, and can no longer meet people's needs. With the development of modern technology, polymer materials are synthesized with new functions. Man-made fibers have replaced traditional natural fibers and have become the field of Potential. Microorganisms play a dual role in real life, and harmful microorganisms such as pathogenic bacteria can cause great harm to human health and life. These microorganisms can rapidly multiply under suitable conditions, spread the disease and affect the living environment of humans 2-3. Therefore, antibacterial products have great market demand and broad development prospects. Textiles are an important medium for transmitting germs. The reason is that the fiber surface is different in height, there are numerous fine grooves, which can provide the conditions for bacteria to live and live. Therefore, the textile products with antibacterial effect have the first phase of Zhang Zhijie, etc.: Electrospinning Research progress in the preparation of nano-antibacterial fibers 13 important practical significance. Antibacterial fiber material is a kind of new functional material with bactericidal and antibacterial properties. Its core component is antibacterial agent. A very small amount of antibacterial agent is added to the matrix of common materials to make antibacterial materials. It is used in pharmaceutical, environmental protection and food preservation. And the field of daily hygiene products and other fields have been widely used 4-5. The introduction of antibacterial agents in antibacterial fibers 6 mainly includes three methods: compounding and coating, coordination of anchoring antibacterial groups and covalent bonding of antibacterial groups. The methods for preparing ultrafine fibers mainly include stretching method, arc discharge method, template synthesis method, laser ablation method, phase separation method, fixed bed catalytic cracking method, stripping method, electrospinning method, etc. Electrospinning to prepare antibacterial fiber can simultaneously introduce a variety of antibacterial agents, so that the fiber is coated with more antibacterial agents, thereby achieving better antibacterial effect 8-9. Therefore, the use of high efficiency, low cost electrospinning technology to prepare antibacterial fiber has become a hot spot in the field of antibacterial materials. 1 Introduction to Electrospinning Technology Electrospinning technology originated in the 1930s. FORMHALS10 invented an experimental device for preparing fibers using electrostatic force, and applied for a series of patents in 1934-1940. Before the 1990s, electrospinning technology has been developing slowly. Until the rise of nanotechnology, electrospinning technology has once again attracted the attention of scientific and industrial circles all over the world. 11-12.1 Preparation of nanofibers for electrospinning Schematic representation of the device. The electrospinning equipment is mainly composed of a spinneret, a high-voltage power supply and a receiving device. The electrospinning process consists of five steps: liquid charging, Taylor cone formation, jet formation, jet motion and fiber deposition. The formation of Taylor cone is the most critical factor and a decisive factor in fiber quality. The Taylor cone is a cone formed by the coulomb repulsion of the electric field and the liquid surface tension. It was first discovered and named by TAYLOR14. The cone angle of the Taylor cone is 49.3°. The Taylor cone forms a jet and dispersion under the action of an electric field force, and finally collects the fiber on the receiving device. With the development of electrospinning technology, people continue to improve the spinning device. The productivity of single-needle electrospinning machine can only reach 0.1~1g/h, which significantly increases the production cost and becomes a major obstacle to the industrialization of electrospinning. Researchers from various countries have proposed electrospinning methods such as disc, parallel plate, high-speed roller 15, multi-needle 16, and needle-free 17. Multi-needle is the easiest to think of, and it is also a good way to improve production efficiency. THERON et al. 18 experimented on the array of needles and improved the efficiency under the influence of static electricity. In order to obtain continuous nonwoven fabrics, Shiga Prefectural University of Japan developed a retest nozzle. Electrospinning works under the action of electric field. In order not to affect the distribution of electric field in different directions, it is required that the distance between the left and right nozzles is 10 mm, and the distance between the upper and lower nozzles is 50 mm. In addition, the fiber obtained by electrospinning is non-directional, and the nanofiber device is prepared by electrospinning in tissue 1 to illustrate 13Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of set up of electrospinning apparatus13 is limited in engineering and mechanical properties. In order to obtain oriented fibers, improvements in receiving devices have also been proposed. Firstly, the stationary plate receiving device was developed into a rotating disk and a drum type. Then some researchers 19-20 used the two charged tips to form a spindle-shaped electric field. The apex and steel sheets were used as receiving devices to obtain the oriented fibers. Other collection device improvements include magnetic field assist, liquid phase collection 21-22 and other methods. SEO et al.21 discussed the effect of liquid phase collection on fiber morphology. Experiments have shown that the fibers collected by the acidic collection solution have some improvement in fiber diameter and porosity compared with neutral. The use of different techniques to improve the collection device is mainly to achieve fiber orientation, the conversion of coarser fibers to ultrafine fibers and cylindrical fibers to hollow fibers, so that it can be used in textile, chemical materials and other controllable applications. The method of electrospinning for preparing nanofibers is simple, low in cost, relatively high in yield, and the obtained fiber has a unique structure, and has many new functional characteristics compared with the conventional materials, so it is very attractive to both academic and industrial circles. Has been widely researched and applied in many fields such as electronic materials, filter materials, biomedical and membrane materials. 23-25, the most widely used in the field of biomedicine, such as drug release, tissue engineering and wound repair, etc. . 2 Characteristics of Electrospinning Antibacterial Fiber Electrostatic spinning technology Preparation of antibacterial material refers to the antibacterial material prepared by mixing the polymer solution or antibacterial agent with antibacterial function and the polymer solution without antibacterial action. Functional micro-nano fiber material. The antibacterial material prepared by electrospinning technology is one-dimensional fiber or two-dimensional fiber felt, which has the following advantages compared with the traditional antibacterial material: 1) large specific area and high porosity, so that it has high liquid absorption. When used in antibacterial dressings, it can stop bleeding quickly. The water absorption rate of the traditional dressing is 2.3%, and the water absorption rate of the antibacterial dressing prepared by the electrospinning technology reaches
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