Overview
Spandex fiber is an abbreviation of polyurethane fiber. Its trade names include Lycra (Lycra, United States, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Canada, Brazil), Nylon (Neolon, Japan), Dorlastan (Dorlastan, Germany) and so on. Firstly, it was successfully studied by Bayer Company in Germany in 1937, and DuPont Company began industrial production in 1959. At present, there are nearly 40 factories and seven lines of production. The total annual production is about 100,000 tons, and China's current production capacity is about 10 million tons. Spandex is a synthetic fiber composed of a polyurethane containing more than 85% of its components. There are two types of spandex fibers: one is an aromatic diiso- tryptophanase and a mosaic copolymer containing hydroxyl-containing polyester segments (referred to as polyester spandex), and the other is an aromatic diisocyanate and a hydroxyl-containing poly. Ether chain segment mosaic copolymer (referred to as polyether spandex).
Spandex fibers, elastic polyolefin fibers and elastic composite fibers are collectively referred to as elastic fibers. Synthetic fiber with high elongation at break (above 400%), low modulus and high elastic recovery. Multi-block polyurethane fibers in Chinese trade names. Also known as elastic fiber. Spandex has high extensibility (500% to 700%), low elastic modulus (200% elongation, 0.04 to 0.12 g/denier), and high elastic recovery (200% elongation, 95% to 99%). In addition to the higher strength, other physical and mechanical properties are very similar to natural latex filaments.
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Spandex fiber is an abbreviation of polyurethane fiber. Its trade names include Lycra (Lycra, United States, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Canada, Brazil), Nylon (Neolon, Japan), Dorlastan (Dorlastan, Germany) and so on. Firstly, it was successfully studied by Bayer Company in Germany in 1937, and DuPont Company began industrial production in 1959. At present, there are nearly 40 factories and seven lines of production. The total annual production is about 100,000 tons, and China's current production capacity is about 10 million tons. Spandex is a synthetic fiber composed of a polyurethane containing more than 85% of its components. There are two types of spandex fibers: one is an aromatic diiso- tryptophanase and a mosaic copolymer containing hydroxyl-containing polyester segments (referred to as polyester spandex), and the other is an aromatic diisocyanate and a hydroxyl-containing poly. Ether chain segment mosaic copolymer (referred to as polyether spandex).
Spandex fibers, elastic polyolefin fibers and elastic composite fibers are collectively referred to as elastic fibers. Synthetic fiber with high elongation at break (above 400%), low modulus and high elastic recovery. Multi-block polyurethane fibers in Chinese trade names. Also known as elastic fiber. Spandex has high extensibility (500% to 700%), low elastic modulus (200% elongation, 0.04 to 0.12 g/denier), and high elastic recovery (200% elongation, 95% to 99%). In addition to the higher strength, other physical and mechanical properties are very similar to natural latex filaments.
It is more resistant to chemical degradation than latex filaments, has moderate thermal stability, and has a softening temperature above about 200°C. Most dyes and finishing agents for synthetic fibers and natural fibers are also suitable for the dyeing and finishing of spandex. Spandex is resistant to sweat, seawater, and a variety of dry cleaners and most sunscreens. Exposure to sunlight or chlorine bleach may also fade, but the degree of discoloration varies with the type of spandex.
Spandex fiber has such a high elasticity because its polymer chain is composed of a low-melting, amorphous "soft" segment as a parent and a high-melting, crystalline "hard" segment embedded therein. Due to the certain cross-linking between the molecular chains of the soft segment, a certain network structure is formed. Since the interaction force between the molecular chains is small, it can flex freely, resulting in a large elongation performance. The binding force of the rigid chain molecular chain is relatively large, and the molecular chain does not extend without limitation, resulting in high resilience. Most of the cross-sections of the yamlon filaments are dog-bone-shaped and some filaments have a smooth or serrated surface. The breaking strength is the lowest among all textile fibers, only 0.44 to 0.88 CN/dtex (polyether type is stronger than polyester type). The moisture absorption range is small, generally 0.3-1.2% (the multifilament moisture absorption rate is slightly higher than the monofilament). The heat resistance varies greatly depending on the variety. Most fibers are stored for a short period of time in the range of 90 to 150°C. Fibers are not damaged. The safe ironing temperature is 150°C or less, which can interfere with heating and wet washing. Dyeing performance is excellent, can be dyed into a variety of color, dye-fiber affinity, can adapt to the vast majority of varieties of dyes, and has good chemical resistance, resistance to most of the acid and alkali, chemicals, organic solvents, Dry cleaners and bleaches, as well as sun and snow, but not resistant to oxides, tend to yellow and weaken fibers.
Spandex is generally not used alone, but is incorporated into the fabric in small amounts. This kind of fiber has both rubber properties and fiber properties. Most of them are used as core-spun yarns with spandex as the core yarn, which are called elastic core-spun yarns. The main characteristics of these yarns are that they have good feel and appearance. The external fiber composed of natural fibers has good hygroscopicity; the second is that only 1-10% of spandex filaments are used to produce high-quality stretch yarns; thirdly, the percentage of elasticity is controlled from 10% to 20% and can be used according to the purpose of the product. , Select different elasticity values. It is easy to spin 25~2500 denier yarns with different thickness, so it is widely used to make elastic braids, such as socks, furniture covers, ski clothes, sportswear, medical fabrics, belts, military equipment, elastic parts of space suits, etc. .
As people put forward new requirements on fabrics, such as light weight, comfortable fit, and soft texture, the proportion of low-denier spandex fabrics in synthetic fabrics is also increasing. It is also used for twisted spandex yarn and spandex combined with other fibers. It is mainly used for warp knitting, weft knitting, woven fabric and elastic cloth.
Spandex fiber has such a high elasticity because its polymer chain is composed of a low-melting, amorphous "soft" segment as a parent and a high-melting, crystalline "hard" segment embedded therein. Due to the certain cross-linking between the molecular chains of the soft segment, a certain network structure is formed. Since the interaction force between the molecular chains is small, it can flex freely, resulting in a large elongation performance. The binding force of the rigid chain molecular chain is relatively large, and the molecular chain does not extend without limitation, resulting in high resilience. Most of the cross-sections of the yamlon filaments are dog-bone-shaped and some filaments have a smooth or serrated surface. The breaking strength is the lowest among all textile fibers, only 0.44 to 0.88 CN/dtex (polyether type is stronger than polyester type). The moisture absorption range is small, generally 0.3-1.2% (the multifilament moisture absorption rate is slightly higher than the monofilament). The heat resistance varies greatly depending on the variety. Most fibers are stored for a short period of time in the range of 90 to 150°C. Fibers are not damaged. The safe ironing temperature is 150°C or less, which can interfere with heating and wet washing. Dyeing performance is excellent, can be dyed into a variety of color, dye-fiber affinity, can adapt to the vast majority of varieties of dyes, and has good chemical resistance, resistance to most of the acid and alkali, chemicals, organic solvents, Dry cleaners and bleaches, as well as sun and snow, but not resistant to oxides, tend to yellow and weaken fibers.
Spandex is generally not used alone, but is incorporated into the fabric in small amounts. This kind of fiber has both rubber properties and fiber properties. Most of them are used as core-spun yarns with spandex as the core yarn, which are called elastic core-spun yarns. The main characteristics of these yarns are that they have good feel and appearance. The external fiber composed of natural fibers has good hygroscopicity; the second is that only 1-10% of spandex filaments are used to produce high-quality stretch yarns; thirdly, the percentage of elasticity is controlled from 10% to 20% and can be used according to the purpose of the product. , Select different elasticity values. It is easy to spin 25~2500 denier yarns with different thickness, so it is widely used to make elastic braids, such as socks, furniture covers, ski clothes, sportswear, medical fabrics, belts, military equipment, elastic parts of space suits, etc. .
As people put forward new requirements on fabrics, such as light weight, comfortable fit, and soft texture, the proportion of low-denier spandex fabrics in synthetic fabrics is also increasing. It is also used for twisted spandex yarn and spandex combined with other fibers. It is mainly used for warp knitting, weft knitting, woven fabric and elastic cloth.
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